Odhad únavy člověka: využitelnost systémů dopravy ve vnitřním prostředí

Fatigue monitoring is nowadays domain in traffic and transportation (e.g. system for driver's sleepness monitoring in cars or in trains). People working in offices are affected by fatigue too, but there is no general system that is able to monitor it. The fatigue in offices can cause decreasing work productivity or security risks in the industry. This review article compares the advantages and disadvantages of approaches used in traffic (e.g. an eye-movement tracking, driver activity) in internal environment (in buildings) with focus on people that work in offices with a computer. Because of the greater possibility of movement, it can not be enough. People are in offices longer than in cars and this causes that they are more affected by the quality of the internal environment. It should be useful to include this information in a system for fatigue monitoring. It can result in a system that is able to quantify fatigue level from both biological and environment variables.Sledování únavy člověka je dnes hlavně doménou dopravy (systémy pro sledování řidiče v moderních automobilech, systémy pro strojvedoucí, atd.). U lidí pracujících v kancelářích se únava prakticky nesleduje, přestože její vliv může mít negativní dopad nejen na kvalitu a produktivitu práce, ale v případě osob na velínech v průmyslu také možná bezpečností rizika. Tato rešeršní práce se zabývá možnostmi aplikace systémů pro monitoring únavy řidiče automobilu (např. z pohybu očí, aktivit při řízení) na osoby pracující v kancelářských prostorách. To se vzhledem k možnostem pohybu po kanceláři jeví jako nedostatečné. Protože člověk tráví v kanceláři typicky více času než v automobilu, ovlivňuje jej výrazněji vnitřní prostředí budov, které je vhodné do odhadu únavy také zahrnout. Výsledkem tak může být systém kvantifikující míru únavy zohledněním jak vnitřního prostředí, tak vybraných biologických signálů člověka snímaných na pracovním místě

3D Reconstruction of CT Scans For Visualization in Virtual Reality

Computed tomography allows analyzing the internal structure of an object, which is useful especially in medicine. The standard visualization displays scans in the 2D plane. 3D reconstruction of scans provides a complex image of the morphology of the scanned object. Matlab is a software commonly used for image processing and analysis. It includes Medical Image Processing Toolbox for displaying data from CT scan in DICOM format. However, it is not possible with this toolbox to export the dataset of the image as a 3D object. Therefore, the aim of the paper is the implementation of a toolbox for loading and displaying data as a 3D reconstruction. This toolbox allows the user to export the data in OBJ or STL format. That allows the user (i) to visualize the 3D models in virtual reality and (ii) to prepare the model for 3D printing. The OBJ model is imported to Blender and then exported out with a texture as an object file. In Unity, we created a 3D scene and imported model. The advantage of displaying the 3D model in virtual reality is a more realistic view of the shape and dimension of an object.Výpočetní tomografie umožňuje studovat vnitřní strukturu objektu, což je využíváno především v medicíně. Standardní zobrazovací techniky promítají snímky ve 2D rovině. 3D rekonstrukce snímků přináší komplexní pohled na morfologii snímané tkáně. Matlab je software běžně užívaný v oblasti zpracování a analýze obrazových dat. Zároveň obsahuje nástroj “Image Procesessing Toolbox”, který umožňuje zobrazit CT snímky uchované ve formátu DICOM. Tento nástroj však neumožňuje vyexportovat zobrazený model jako 3D objekt. Cílem tohoto projektu bylo vytvoření nástroje pro načítání a zobrazení zrekonstruovaných 3D modelů. Tento nástroj umožňuje uživateli vyexportovat data v OBJ nebo STL formátu, který umožňuje (i) vizualizovat 3D model ve virtuální realitě a (ii) připravit model vhodný pro 3D tisk. V editor Unity byla vytvořena 3D scéna a do ní byl importován vygenerovaný model. Výhodou zobrazení 3D modelu ve virtuální realitě je přirozený pohled na prostorové uspořádání objektu

AUTOMATIC NETWORK DEVICE IDENTIFICATION USING IDENTIFIERS OF CONTACTED SERVERS

This proposal provides techniques for a system to identify network devices (e.g., classify their types, operating system families, etc.) based on information associated with contacted servers. In some implementations, the system may be designed to include an auto-update mechanism that enables the system to adapt to changing behavior of devices automatically. Thus, only initial labeled seeds may be needed to initialize the system, which may then automatically adapt itself without manual retraining

CRITICAL SHIFTING WINDOW IN SWITCHABLE ROCKER FINGER FOLLOWER

A valvetrain including switchable rocker finger follower is capable of discrete switching between two modes (two cam profiles). The exact moment when switching occurs is called crossover point and this paper reviews the factors that cause the shift of the crossover point from its nominal design position. The range where crossover point can shift is called critical shifting window and its size and factors influencing it will be adressed

TARGETED NETWORK ANOMALY DETECTION

Techniques are described herein for clustering network hosts based on their network behavior to create groups of hosts that behave similarly. An anomaly detection model trained on a single group of network hosts is more robust to fluctuations of the behavior of individual hosts when compared to the per host models. When comparing to the group all models that are trained using the behavior of all network hosts, finer anomalies (e.g., stealthy data exfiltration) that would otherwise be hidden may be detected by modelling diversely behaving network hosts

Integracja koncepcji niebiesko-zielonej infrastruktury jako narzędzie wspierania interdyscyplinarnego planowania Zrównoważonych Miast

Currently, there is a tendency to apply nature-based landscape components as an important element in decentralised stormwater management, an essential part of sustainable urban development. The term blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is now used for many planning solutions of sustainable cities. Using thematic analysis of 27 studies and documents between 20062019, we identified 6 types of approaches to BGI. We then reclassified the six observed approaches into three basic categories of conceptual approaches to BGI. We distinguished four basic guidelines for the development of science and practice, aimed at promoting of an integrated concept of BGI to support multidisciplinary planning of sustainable cities. Based on the benefits of BGI presented in studies and documents, we show the importance of BGI from the perspective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Obecnie istnieje tendencja do wykorzystywania naturalnego krajobrazu jako ważnego elementu w zdecentralizowanej gospodarce wodami opadowymi, będącej istotnej części zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów miejskich. Termin niebiesko-zielona infrastruktura (BGI) jest używany w wielu rozwiązaniach planistycznych miast zrównoważonych. Korzystając z analizy tematycznej 27 badań i dokumentów z lat 2006-2019, zidentyfikowaliśmy 6 typów podejść do BGI. Następnie dokonaliśmy ich przeklasyfikowania na 3 podstawowe kategorie podejść koncepcyjnych. Wyróżniliśmy 4 podstawowe wytyczne dotyczące rozwoju nauki i praktyki, mające na celu promowanie zintegrowanej koncepcji BGI wspierającej interdyscyplinarne planowanie miast zrównoważonych. Opierając się na korzyściach płynących z BGI przedstawionych w omówionych opracowaniach i dokumentach, pokazujemy znaczenie BGI z perspektywy Agendy na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju 2030

Effect of different immobilization strategies on chiral recognition properties of Cinchonaâ based anion exchangers

In the enantiomeric separation of highly polar compounds, a traditionally challenging task for highâ performance liquid chromatography, ionâ exchange chiral stationary phases have found the main field of application. In this contribution, we present a series of novel anionâ exchangeâ type chiral stationary phases for enantiomer separation of protected amino phosphonates and Nâ protected amino acids. Two of the prepared selectors possessed a double and triple bond within a single molecule. Thus, they were immobilized onto silica support employing either a thiolâ ene (radical) or an azideâ yne (copper(I)â catalyzed) click reaction. We evaluated the selectivity and the effect of immobilization proceeding either by the double bond of the Cinchona alkaloid or a triple bond of the carbamoyl moiety on the chromatographic performance of the chiral stationary phases using analytes with protecting groups of different size, flexibility, and Ï â acidity. The previously observed preference toward protecting groups possessing Ï â acidic units, which is a typical feature of Cinchonaâ based chiral stationary phases, was preserved. In addition, increasing the bulkiness of the selectorsâ carbamoyl units leads to significantly reduced retention times, while very high selectivity toward the tested analytes is retained.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142972/1/jssc5912_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142972/2/jssc5912.pd

The Plethora of Science Afforded by a Lunar Swirl : A White Paper to the Planetary Science Decadal Survey Committee

Whitepaper #166 submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. Topics: surface/geological evolution; Mercury and/or the Moon; other science themes: Physics, Heliophysics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Volcanology, ISRU, PhotometryLunar swirls should be the top priority target of the next lunar mission. The swirls are a fascinating lunar feature, as well as a laboratory to study the solar wind, space weathering, plasma weathering, and plasma kinetics. In this white paper we present examples of broad scientific interest in lunar swirls as well as some example mission types

Plant Communities Rather than Soil Properties Structure Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities along Primary Succession on a Mine Spoil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community assembly during primary succession has so far received little attention. It remains therefore unclear, which of the factors, driving AMF community composition, are important during ecosystem development. We addressed this question on a large spoil heap, which provides a mosaic of sites in different successional stages under different managements. We selected 24 sites of c. 12, 20, 30, or 50 years in age, including sites with spontaneously developing vegetation and sites reclaimed by alder plantations. On each site, we sampled twice a year roots of the perennial rhizomatous grass Calamagrostis epigejos (Poaceae) to determine AMF root colonization and diversity (using 454-sequencing), determined the soil chemical properties and composition of plant communities. AMF taxa richness was unaffected by site age, but AMF composition variation increased along the chronosequences. AMF communities were unaffected by soil chemistry, but related to the composition of neighboring plant communities of the sampled C. epigejos plants. In contrast, the plant communities of the sites were more distinctively structured than the AMF communities along the four successional stages. We conclude that AMF and plant community successions respond to different factors. AMF communities seem to be influenced by biotic rather than by abiotic factors and to diverge with successional age